Slovo, jak z knihy kouzel n\u011bjak\u00e9ho harrypotterovsk\u00e9ho p\u0159\u00edb\u011bhu. Ve skute\u010dnosti je odvozen\u00e9 z\u00a0\u0159e\u010dtiny: \u201ea- lexi- thymia\u201c, v p\u0159ekladu \u201e\u017e\u00e1dn\u00e1 slova pro pocity\u201c. Projevuje se obt\u00ed\u017eemi v rozpozn\u00e1v\u00e1n\u00ed a vyjad\u0159ov\u00e1n\u00ed jednotliv\u00fdch emoc\u00ed. Lze ji vysledovat asi u 8% mu\u017e\u016f a 2% \u017een. Takov\u00fd \u010dlov\u011bk m\u00e1 pot\u00ed\u017ee v rozezn\u00e1v\u00e1n\u00ed jednotliv\u00fdch emoc\u00ed, s jejich ur\u010dov\u00e1n\u00edm, porozum\u011bn\u00edm a pojmenov\u00e1n\u00edm pocit\u016f. To zahrnuje i pot\u00ed\u017ee s\u00a0reakc\u00ed na emoce druh\u00fdch, vc\u00edt\u011bn\u00edm se a p\u0159edstavivost\u00ed emo\u010dn\u00edch pro\u017eitk\u016f druh\u00fdch lid\u00ed. K\u00a0p\u0159\u00edznak\u016fm d\u00e1le pat\u0159\u00ed n\u00edzk\u00e9 rozum\u011bn\u00ed vzniku pocity, obt\u00ed\u017ee ve \u010dten\u00ed v\u00fdraz\u016f obli\u010deje a neverb\u00e1ln\u00ed komunikace, odosobn\u011bn\u00e9 vztahy s\u00a0druh\u00fdmi, omezen\u00e1 p\u0159edstavivost a fantazie. A tak\u00e9 vysok\u00e1 citlivost na t\u011blesn\u00e9 pro\u017eitky (!).<\/p>\n\n\n\n
Alexithymie nen\u00ed pova\u017eov\u00e1na za poruchu sama o sob\u011b, m\u016f\u017ee v\u0161ak doprov\u00e1z\u00ed jin\u00e9 psychick\u00e9 poruchy. Na rozd\u00edl od lid\u00ed s chud\u00fdm emo\u010dn\u00edho spektrem m\u00edvaj\u00ed lid\u00e9 s alexithymi\u00ed bohat\u00e9 pro\u017eitky ve sv\u00e9m t\u011ble. Pr\u00e1v\u011b pro tuto vlastnost se alexithymi\u00ed nezab\u00fdv\u00e1 jen psychologie, ale jde o v\u00fdznamn\u00fd koncept i pro psychosomatick\u00e9 (bio-psycho-soci\u00e1ln\u00ed) p\u0159em\u00fd\u0161len\u00ed o diskomfortu n\u011bkter\u00fdch pacient\u016f na t\u011blesn\u00e9 rovin\u011b, ale sou\u010dasn\u011b i ve vztaz\u00edch, s\u00a0n\u00e1slednou eskalac\u00ed do \u0159ady oblast\u00ed \u017eivota.<\/p>\n\n\n\n
Vzpom\u00edn\u00e1m na terapeutickou pr\u00e1ci s\u00a0mlad\u00fdm mu\u017eem, pracuj\u00edc\u00edm na v\u00fdznamn\u00e9 mana\u017e\u00e9rsk\u00e9 pozici v\u00a0marketingu, kter\u00fd p\u0159i\u0161el s\u00a0t\u011bmito okruhy pot\u00ed\u017e\u00ed \u2013 nejasn\u00e9 ob\u010dasn\u00e9 pot\u00ed\u017ee vegetativn\u00edho r\u00e1zu (tachykardie, t\u011b\u017ek\u00fd dech, k\u0159e\u010de kostern\u00edho svalstva, pot\u00ed\u017ee s\u00a0vylu\u010dov\u00e1n\u00edm), d\u00e1le si st\u011b\u017eoval na neschopnost pro\u017e\u00edvat radost, naj\u00edt si z\u00e1jmy a kon\u00ed\u010dky, a mnoha otazn\u00edky kolem vztahu s\u00a0p\u0159\u00edtelkyn\u00ed. Jeho pracovn\u00ed \u00fasp\u011bchy st\u00e1ly na perfekcionismu, p\u0159ich\u00e1zel v\u017edy precizn\u011b p\u0159ipraven\u00fd i na terapii, s pozn\u00e1mkami, z\u00e1znamy \u2026 Z\u00e1hy se uk\u00e1zalo, \u017ee za v\u0161\u00edm stoj\u00ed pr\u00e1v\u011b neschopnost porozum\u011bt pro\u017eitk\u016fm, ani je slovn\u011b vyj\u00e1d\u0159it. Podstatn\u00fd pod\u00edl na situaci m\u011bl \u017eivot v rodin\u011b miluj\u00edc\u00edch, ale hodn\u011b \u00fazkostn\u00fdch rodi\u010d\u016f, tak zaplaven\u00fdch strachy a obavami, \u017ee pro emoce, pocity a pro\u017eitky jin\u00fdch nebyl prostor. Syna nevybavili pro pr\u00e1ci v\u00a0emo\u010dn\u00ed rovin\u011b. Na\u0161t\u011bst\u00ed pr\u016fb\u011bh terapie potvrdil jen soci\u00e1ln\u00ed p\u016fvod deficitu, nikoli biologick\u00e9 \u010di neuropsychick\u00e9 po\u0161kozen\u00ed. Na\u0161e pr\u00e1ce vy\u017eadovala slu\u0161nou s\u00e9rii sezen\u00ed a tento mlad\u00edk na sob\u011b poctiv\u011b pracoval i v mezi\u010dase. Prozrad\u00edm, \u017ee m\u00fdmi spojenci byly, mimo jin\u00e9, jeho dv\u011b ko\u010dky, tanec, proch\u00e1zky v\u00a0p\u0159\u00edrod\u011b a v\u00a0neposledn\u00ed \u0159ad\u011b i jeho p\u0159\u00edtelkyn\u011b, jako zdroj podn\u011bt\u016f k emoc\u00edm, kter\u00fdm jsme spole\u010dn\u011b p\u0159i\u0159azovali nejen jm\u00e9na, ale i v\u00fdznamy v \u017eivot\u011b. Kdy\u017e jsme se rozch\u00e1zeli, p\u0159inesl mi svatebn\u00ed ozn\u00e1men\u00ed.<\/p>\n\n\n\n
Pokud jste v popisu alexithymie na\u0161li n\u011bkoho bl\u00edzk\u00e9ho, nejsp\u00ed\u0161 nerozli\u0161\u00edte, zda m\u00e1 neurobiologick\u00fd \u010di psychologick\u00fd p\u016fvod. Zkuste mu v komunikaci vysv\u011btlovat sv\u00e9 pot\u0159eby p\u0159\u00edmo: \u201eJsem dnes unaven\u00e1, nechce se mi va\u0159it. Poj\u010fme dnes na ve\u010de\u0159i ven.“ Pomozte jim ozna\u010dit pocity: \u201eTr\u00e1p\u00ed t\u011b n\u011bco? Vypad\u00e1\u0161 na\u0161tvan\u011b.“ Pom\u016f\u017ee i pojmenovat stresor: \u201eBl\u00ed\u017e\u00ed se maturity, m\u00e1\u0161 z toho strach?“. Uv\u011bdom\u011bn\u00ed, \u017ee v\u00e1\u0161 bl\u00edzk\u00fd nemus\u00ed vn\u00edmat emoce stejn\u011b, jako vy, je u\u017eite\u010dn\u00e9 p\u0159i \u0159e\u0161en\u00ed konflikt\u016f a nedorozum\u011bn\u00ed.<\/p>\n\n\n\n
Je mo\u017en\u00e9, \u017ee se v\u00a0konceptu alexithymie zahl\u00e9dnete sami. N\u011bkter\u00e9 v\u00fdzkumy a zku\u0161enosti ukazuj\u00ed, \u017ee schopnost uv\u011bdomovat si a rozum\u011bt pocit\u016fm se d\u00e1 rozv\u00edjet. P\u0159\u00edklady, jak na to:<\/p>\n\n\n\n
Ps\u00e1t si den\u00edku. P\u00edsemn\u00e1 formulace je dobr\u00fdm tr\u00e9ninkem schopnosti uv\u011bdomovat si emoce. Ide\u00e1ln\u00ed je ps\u00e1t den\u00edk ka\u017ed\u00fd den. Nejen v\u011bcn\u00fd popis ud\u00e1lost\u00ed dne, sp\u00ed\u0161e pozorov\u00e1n\u00ed, co se d\u011bje ve mn\u011b a v m\u00e9m okol\u00ed.<\/p>\n\n\n\n
\u010c\u00edst pov\u00eddky a rom\u00e1ny. Barvit\u00e9 popisy my\u0161lenek, pocit\u016f a z\u00e1\u017eitk\u016f rozv\u00edj\u00ed jazykov\u00e9 formulace i porozum\u011bn\u00ed my\u0161lenkov\u00fdm pochod\u016fm druh\u00fdch lid\u00ed.<\/p>\n\n\n\n
Um\u011bleck\u00e9 aktivity. Divadlo, tanec, malov\u00e1n\u00ed \u010di terapie zam\u011b\u0159en\u00e1 na pr\u00e1ci s t\u011blem. Pr\u00e1v\u011b zku\u0161enost s t\u011blem pom\u00e1h\u00e1 rozpozn\u00e1vat pocity a „vytahovat je na povrch“.<\/p>\n\n\n\n
Relaxa\u010dn\u00ed techniky a \u0159\u00edzen\u00e1 imaginace. Pomohou lep\u0161\u00edmu kontaktu se sv\u00fdm t\u011blem a rozv\u00edj\u00ed fantazii a p\u0159edstavivost.<\/p>\n\n\n\n
Psychoterapie. Pro pr\u00e1ci s\u00a0emo\u010dn\u00ed rovinou je nezbytn\u00e9 m\u00edt k\u00a0dispozici druh\u00e9ho \u010dlov\u011bka, dob\u0159e reflektuj\u00edc\u00edho pocity sv\u00e9 i druh\u00fdch. Jsou dobr\u00e9 terapeutick\u00e9 postupy, zam\u011b\u0159uj\u00edc\u00ed se na t\u011blo, techniky rozv\u00edjej\u00edc\u00ed v\u0161\u00edmavost (mindfulness), KBT a velmi dobr\u00fdm prostorem je skupinov\u00e1 psychoterapie.<\/p>\n\n\n\n
Mgr. Pavel Pelik\u00e1n, 24.2.2023, Hn\u00edzdo zdrav\u00ed<\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"
Slovo, jak z knihy kouzel n\u011bjak\u00e9ho harrypotterovsk\u00e9ho p\u0159\u00edb\u011bhu. Ve skute\u010dnosti je odvozen\u00e9 z\u00a0\u0159e\u010dtiny: \u201ea- lexi- thymia\u201c, v p\u0159ekladu \u201e\u017e\u00e1dn\u00e1 slova pro pocity\u201c. Projevuje se obt\u00ed\u017eemi v rozpozn\u00e1v\u00e1n\u00ed a vyjad\u0159ov\u00e1n\u00ed jednotliv\u00fdch emoc\u00ed. Lze ji vysledovat asi u 8% mu\u017e\u016f a 2% \u017een. Takov\u00fd \u010dlov\u011bk m\u00e1 pot\u00ed\u017ee v rozezn\u00e1v\u00e1n\u00ed jednotliv\u00fdch emoc\u00ed, s jejich ur\u010dov\u00e1n\u00edm, porozum\u011bn\u00edm a pojmenov\u00e1n\u00edm…<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":0,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":[],"categories":[5],"tags":[],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.pavelpelikan.cz\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/319"}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.pavelpelikan.cz\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.pavelpelikan.cz\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.pavelpelikan.cz\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/1"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.pavelpelikan.cz\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=319"}],"version-history":[{"count":3,"href":"https:\/\/www.pavelpelikan.cz\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/319\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":341,"href":"https:\/\/www.pavelpelikan.cz\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/319\/revisions\/341"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.pavelpelikan.cz\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=319"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.pavelpelikan.cz\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=319"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.pavelpelikan.cz\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=319"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}